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The ''Swimming World Magazine'' Swimmers of the Year, awarded by the American-based ''Swimming World Magazine''. There are seven categories: World Swimmer, American Swimmer, European Swimmer, Pacific Rim Swimmer, World Disabled Swimmer, African Swimmer, and Open Water Swimmer of year. An award for male and female is made for each category.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/SwimmersOfTheYear.asp )〕 The award was inaugurated in 1964, when ''Swimming World'' named Don Schollander as its World Swimmer of the Year. Two years later, a female category was added, and the awards continued in this format until 1980. The winners were mostly American until the rise of East Germany's women in the 1970s, and 1980 saw the creation of subcategories for American and European swimmers. Following the end of the Cold War, Germany declined following the end of the East's systematic state-sponsored doping program, while Australia's swimming team enjoyed a revival. In December 2013, Swimming World announced a decision to strip the drug-fueled East Germans of all World and European Swimmers of the Year awards. In 1994, Australian swimmers won both awards for World Swimmer of the Year for the first time, and in 1995, a subcategory was inaugurated for Pacific Rim swimmers. A subcategory for disabled swimmers was introduced in 2003, and in the following year, an African award was launched after South Africa became the first country from the continent to win an Olympic relay. In 2005, open water swimming was added to the Olympic program and another category was duly added. American swimmers have been the most successful in winning awards, with 45 titles, more than three times that of Australia (13). Michael Phelps of the United States has won the global award seven times, followed by Ian Thorpe of Australia with four. Regionally, German, Hungarian and Dutch swimmers have had the most success in Europe, while Australians have won more than three-quarters of the Pacific awards. ==World Swimmers of the Year== The award was inaugurated in 1964, when ''Swimming World'' named Don Schollander as its World Swimmer of the Year. Two years later, a female category was added. The winners were always American until 1970, and the it was not until 1979 that a non-American male won the award. However, from 1973 until 1989, the rise of East Germany's women saw them win a majority of the awards.〔 Following the end of the Cold War, Germany declined following the end of the East's systematic state-sponsored doping program,〔〔 while Australia's swimming team enjoyed a revival in the late 1990s, winning nine awards since 1997, the most by any country in that period.〔 However, ''Swimming World'' has since stripped the East Germans of their titles. United States swimmers have won the title 43 times, followed by Australia (13 times) and East Germany (11 times).〔 This ratio is approximately proportional to the amount of gold medals won by the respective nations at the Olympics. East Germany was particularly successful in the 1970s and 1980s, when they dominated the women's events, aided by systematic state-sponsored doping. With his win in 2012, Michael Phelps (USA) now holds the overall record with seven titles. He won in 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2012. He is also only person to win the award four straight times. Debbie Meyers of the US, won from 1967–69.〔 Ian Thorpe (AUS) is the second most prolific winner in the category as he was honored four times, in 1998, 1999, 2001 and 2002.〔 Four female swimmers have won three awards: Debbie Meyer (USA) in 1967, 1968 and 1969, Krisztina Egerszegi (HUN) in 1991, 1992 and 1995, Janet Evans (USA) in 1987, 1989 and 1990, and Kristin Otto (GDR) in 1984, 1986 and 1988.〔 Franziska van Almsick is the youngest female to have won the award, having turned 15 on April 5 in the year of her first award. Thorpe is the youngest male recipient, having turned 16 on October 13 in the year of his first award. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Swimming World Swimmers of the Year」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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